Bhaasha Andolon Of Bangladesh
21 February 1952
Language Heroes
Rafiq, Salam, Barkat, Jabbar
Rafiq (Rafiq Uddin Ahmed): The eldest son of Abdul Latif Miyan and Rafiza Khatun, Shahid Rafique hailed from Paril a village in the Manikganj district. The Miyan family runs printing business, a business Rafiq was running in 1952. Rafique had four younger brothers: Rashid, Khaleque (a freedom fighter) Salam and Khorshed Alam. Rafique was distinguished, since his childhood, as a supportive, upright, patriotic social worker with passion for music and theatre. He staged and acted in various plays in the neighboring villages.
A pretty cousin of his, gorgeous Rahela Khanom Panu from the next door neighbor, was Rafiquw’s sweet heart. Their passionate love affair was recognized by Rafique’s parents and they organized their wedding. Accompanied by his nephew, Rafique went to Dhaka for shopping for his forthcoming wedding.
On 21st February 1952, although scheduled to return home with his shopping-sari, blouse, churies, alta (lac dye), powder and some ornaments-Rafique, due to his love for Bangla language, instead of going home, joined the protest rally of Bangla Language Movement organized by the students of Dhaka university leaving his shopping with his nephew. His love for his mother tongue surpassed his life long passion for his sweet heart Panu to whom he never returned as a groom. Shot dead by the Paki cops in the language procession on 21st February, Rafique’s dead body was later dumped by the Paki commandos (who stole the dead bodies of language martyrs from Dhaka Medical college morgue) in the Azimpur grave yard where thousands of Bangalees paid their homage the next morning.
Barkat (Abul Barkat): An MA final year student of the department of political science of Dhaka University. Barkat was born on 16 June 1927 at Babla village of Murshidabad district in India. His father’s name was late Shamsuddin and his local address was Bishnu Priya Bhaban, Purana Paltan, Dhaka.
Salam (Abdus Salam): A staff member of the industrial directorate. Salam was shot on 21st February and died in Dhaka Medical College hospital on 17 April 1952. Father: Mohd Fajil Miah.
Jabbar (Abdul Jabbar): Bangla Language martyr Abdul Jabbar was born on 26 Ashwin, 1326B (1927) in Pachua village, Gaforgaon, Mymensingh. His father’s name was Hasen Ali and mother’s name Safatun Nesa. Jabbar was the eldest son of his family. His schooling started in 1333B (1934) at the Dhopaghat Krishibazar Primary school. After finishing year five at the primary school, Jabbar quit school being upset with his father and left home.
Jabbar, however, returned home after a few months. But later he left for Rangun from Narayanganj. The captain of the ship Jabbar boarded on to go to Ranguan promised him a job in the ship. But he never got the job due to poor health. Returning home, Jabbar organized a village defense group with boys from the neighborhood and took the led the group as its commander. In 1949 he married one of his friends’ sister, Amina Khatun, and settled down. One and a half year after the marriage Jabbar and Amina had a baby boy. The boy was named Nurul Islam Badol.
In February 1952 Jabbar’s mother-in-law fell ill. Jabbar took her to Dhaka for treatment. With the help of one Sirajul Islam, a doctor from the neighboring village, Jabbar managed to admit his mother-in-law in Dhaka Medical College Hospital. In 1952 the Provincial Assembly of East Bangla was next to Dhaka Medical College Hospital.
Dhaka of February 1952 was a political volcano. Meetings, processions, rallies and picketing were everyday events in the Dhaka university campus. On 19 February, Jabbar took leave of all his relatives. After dinner while he was taking leave from her aunt Aysha Khatun, she affectionately tied the buttons of his shirt. Jabbar spent the night of 20 February at some Abdul Hai’s residence.
In the morning of 21 February Jabbar went to hospital to see his mother-in-law. After spending some time with Dr Sirajul Islam, Jabbar went outside the hospital gate to buy some fruits for the patient. The procession of language movement was culminating outside. Crowds with fiery eyes and thundering slogans-We demand Bangla as state language-turned the university campus into a battleground. The spirit of the protesting crowd sucked Jabbar in within a flash. Mother-in-law, hospital, fruits all faded away from his memory. Jabbar became the crowd, he carried the banner in front of the procession. When the police opened fire, Jabbar being in the front line, was one of the first to fall.
With Barkat and other martyrs of language movement, Jabbar was immediately taken into the emergency. Jabbar breathed his last on the way to the operation theatre: the first martyr to be one with eternity.
Shafiur Rahman: 28 years old High Court staff and a law student Shafiur Rahman was killed by the Pakistani troops beside the Khoshmahal Restaurant near Rathkhola on Nababpur road. Shafiur Rahman was the father of a daughter and left behind his pregnant wife and a big family dependent on his income. His father’s name was Maulabi Mahbubur Rahman and he was born in Konnagar village of the Hugli district in India.
Ahi Ullah: Details of language martyr Ahi Ullah are still unknown as the police later captured his dead body and dumped. He was the son of a builder named Habibur Rahman.
Abdul Awal: Abdul Awal died under the police truck used to disperse the funeral procession of the martyrs of the Bangla language movement.
An unidentified boy:
Like Abdul Awal, this unidentified lad was run over by the police truck
used to disperse the funeral procession of the martyrs of the Bangla
language movement. His death was never acknowledged by the Pakistani
government.
Champion of Bangla Language
The contributors in the Bangla language movement
| Dr Mohd Shahidullah (10 July 1885-13 July 1969). Professor | Maulana Bhasani (1885-1976). Politics |
| Dhirendra Nath Datta (1897- 1971). Lawyer and politician | Dr Quazi Motahar Hossain (1897-1981). Professor |
| Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Father of Bangladesh) | Maulana Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish (1900-85).Politics |
| Abul Hashim (1905-74). Politics | Ataur Rahman Khan (1905). Law and politics |
| Abdus Salam (1910-77). Jouralism | Abul Kalam Samsuddin (1897-1978) Journalism |
| Tofajjal Hossain Manik Miah (1911-69). Journalism | Osman Ali (1900-71) Daudkandi, Comilla) Business & Politics |
| Shaokat Osman (1917-) Huglee, India). Novelist | Sikandar Abu Jafor (1919-75, Tetulia, Khulna): Journalist & poet |
| Mohd Abdul Hai (1919-69, Murshidabad, India). Teaching | Samsul Huq (1920-64, Tangail): Politics |
| Mohd Abul Kashem (1920- Debendi, Chittagong) | Golam Maola (1921-67, Naria, Shariatpur). Medicine and Politics |
| Abdus Samad Azad (1922, Bhuakhali, Sunamganj). Politics | Kalim Sharafi (1924-): Singer |
| Mohd Toaha(1922-87) Kushakhali, Laksmipur: Politics | Kamruddin Hossain Shahud (1925- Janglibari, Kishoreganj). Teaching |
| Munier Chaudhury (1925-71, Dhaka). Professor, Playwright. | Tajuddin Ahmed (1925-75), Kapasia, Dhaka): The leader of the liberation war. |
| Sardar Fazlul Karim (1925- Barisal). Professor | Shahidullah Kaiser (1926-71, Noakhali). Journalist and Novelist |
| Mofazzal Haider Chowdhury (1926-71). Professor | Mohd Sultan (1926-83, Boda, Panchagar): Politics & Business |
| SA Bari AT (1927-87, Munshipara, Dinajpur). Politics and law. | Mustafa Nurul Islam (1927, Nisindara, Bogra). Teaching |
| Kazi Golam Mahbub (1927, Barisal): Politics & law | Rafiq Uddin Bhuiyan (1928, Merenga, Mymensing).Politics |
| Badrul Alam (1927-80, Sherpur). Medicine | Mosharaf Hossain Chowdhury (1927, Tangail). Business |
| Meer Hossain Ahmed (1927, Dhaka). Professional | Mahbub Alam Chowdhury (1927, Chittagong): Industrialist |
| Ataur Rahman (1927, Bogra): Teaching | Abdul Momen (1928, Mohanganj, Netrokona). Politics & law |
| Abdul Matin (1928, Shailjana, Pabna). Politics | Fakir Shahabuddin (1927-89, Kapasia, Dhaka). Politics & law |
| Fazle Lohani (1928-85, Kolkata, India). Journalist & TV Presenter | Gaziul Huq (1928). Lawyer |
| MA Ajmal Hossain Bulbul (1928, Sirajganj). Medicine | KG Mustafa: (1928, Kuripara, Sirajganj). Journalism |
| Zillur Rahman (1929, Kishoreganj) Politics & law | Abdul Gafur(1929-). Journalism |
| Ahmed Rafiq (1929, Comilla). Medicine | Ali Ahad (1929, Comilla). Politics |
| Shamsur Rahman (1929, Mahuttuli, Dhaka). Poet | Usha Bepari (1929, Rajbari). Nursing |
| Abdullah al Muti (1930, Pabna). Scientist | Zulmat Ali Khan (1930,Mymensing). Politics & law |
| Mohd Ali Asgar (1930) Comilla. Medicine | Habibur Rahman Shelly (1930) Murshidabad, India). Judge |
| Abdul Latif (1930,Raipasha, Barisal). Singer and musician | Ishtiaq Ahmed (1930, Kolkata, India) |
| MR Akhtar Mukul (1930) Bogra. Journalism | Anwarul Huq Khan (1930,Basirhat, India). Publisc service |
| Bahauddin Chowdhury (1930, Armanitola, Dhaka):Journalism | Altaf Mahmud (1930,Muladi, Barisal) Singer and musician |
| Sufia Karim (1930, Pabna). Teacher | Momtaz Begum (1930,Narayanganj). Teacher |
| Hasan Hafizur Rahman (1931, Jamalpur). Journalist and poet | Safia Khatun (1931, Kolkata, India). Teaching |
| Nizamul Huq (1931, Chhagalnaiya, Feni). Dance teacher | Aminul Islam (1931,Totia, Dhaka) Teacher, Arts College |
| Sadek Khan (1931,Munsiganj). Journalism | Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury (1932, Ulania, Barisal). Journalism |
| Murtaza Bashir (1932, Ramna, Dhaka). Teacher, Arts College | MN Nurul Alam (1932, Rajshahi). Lawyer |
| Sufia Ahammad (1932, Dhaka). Teacher | Sayeed Atikullah (1933, Tangail).Journalism |
| Halima Khatun (1933, Bagerhat). Lecturer | Abu Zafar Obaidullah (1934,Barisal). professional and poet |
| Golam Murtaza (1936, Dhaka). Business | Mohd Mokammel (1937, Bhola). Bureaucrat |
Dinajpur | |
| Dabirul Islam | Abdur rahman Chowdhury |
| Nurul Huda | Kader Bakhs |
| Yusuf Ali | Mohd Farhad |
| | |
Bogra | |
| Syed Nawab Ali | Abdul Matin |
| Mojaharul Islam Abu | Jalal Uddin Akbar |
| Fazlur Rahman | Saleha (Rani) |
| Mujibur Rahman Akkelpuri | |
| | |
Chittagong | |
| Kabial Ramesh Sheel | Ahsab Uddin Ahmed |
| Principal Rafiq | Pulin Dey |
| Sucharit Chowdhury | |
| | |
Pabna | |
| M Mansur Ali | Amzad Hossain |
| Mahbubur Rahman | Aminul Islam |
| Prorsad Ray | Kamal Lohani |
| | |
Dhaka | |
| Prof Mozaffar Ahmed Chowdhury | Prof Ajit Guha |
| Khairat Hossain | Ahmmad Ali |
| Ranesh Dasgupta | Satyen Sen |
| Wadud Patwari | Amulya Kanchan Ray |
| Abdul Aalim | Alauddin al Azad |
| Imadullah Lala | Momin Talukdar |
| ATM Shamsul Huq | Rowshan Ara Bacchu |
| Borhan Uddin Khan Jahangir | Abdul Gani Hajari |
| MA Muhit | Ibrahim Taha |
| Farman Ullah | Anis Chowdhury |
| Sirajul Islam | MA Mukit |
| Rafiqul Islam | Prof AT Latif |
Sources:
- Jagriti, Jatiotabad o Ekushe: Shamszzaman Khan
- A Glimpse into Language Movement: Prof Abdul Gofur
- Ekush: The
